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Servers and applications

CVE-2016-4431

Apache Struts 2 2.3.20 through 2.3.28.1 allows remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions and conduct redirection attacks by leveraging a default method.

Severity
High 7.5
Published
4 Jul 2016
Last changed
17 Jun 2026
Added to UpHeron
1 Nov 2026
Exploit chance
9.8% in the next 30 daysHigher than 95% of CVEs. EPSS by FIRST, 11 Nov 2026
Weakness
Improper input validation (CWE-20)
Attack
Over the network · No login needed · No user action needed
Attacker can
Change data
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Sources
NVD

Affected software

SoftwareAffected versions
Apache StrutsServers and applications · cpe:a:apache:struts
  • Version 2.3.28
  • Version 2.3.24.3
  • Version 2.3.24.1
  • Version 2.3.24
All 7 release lines
  • Version 2.3.20
  • Version 2.3.20.1
  • Version 2.3.20.3
  • Version 2.3.24
  • Version 2.3.24.1
  • Version 2.3.24.3
  • Version 2.3.28

References

  • NVD https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4431
  • CVE.org https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2016-4431